Microwave signal receiving apparatus

ABSTRACT

In order to isolate microwaves of a selected polarization from incident microwaves collected by means of a dish reflector (10), a ferrite polarizer (16) is positioned at the focal point of the reflector. A ferrite body (26) of the polarizer extends axially of a wave guide (18) with a convergent receiving end (28) positioned outside the wave guide at the focal point and a convergent transmitting end (30) positioned within the wave guide. The ferrite body is mounted in an end portion of the wave guide by means of a plastics dielectric bobbin (32). The bobbin encases all but the transmitting end of the ferrite body, which projects beyond the bobbin into the wave guide. A controlling coil (36) of the polarizer, which creates an axial magnetic field in relation to the ferrite body, is wound around the bobbin within the end portion of the wave guide.

This invention is concerned with a microwave signal receiving apparatusfor receiving satellite television transmissions comprising a receivingelement, focusing means for focusing incident plane-polarized microwavesat a focal point, a waveguide for guiding the focused microwaves to thereceiving element, and a ferrite polarizer operable to effect controlledrotation of the microwaves in order to isolate those microwaves of aselected polarization which become duly rotated for onward transmissionthrough the waveguide and reception by the receiving element.

Ordinarily a dish reflector has been utilised in such apparatus to focusthe incident microwaves at the focal point, and a horn has been used tofeed the collected microwaves into the wave guide. The receiving elementmay, for example, be a wave guide probe associated with a low noiseblock down converter.

In order to isolate microwaves of a selected polarization, the apparatuscomprises a polarizer by means of which controlled rotation of theplanes of polarization of collected microwaves can be effected. By meansof such rotation, microwaves in any particular selected plane ofpolarization can be brought to be duly aligned for reception by thereceiving element, and so isolated from microwaves in other planes ofpolarization.

Whilst different types of polarizer have been used in suchcircumstances, one known type which has been used with advantage is thatusually known as a ferrite polarizer. This solid state device comprisesa ferrite body, through which microwave energy can be passed, and aroundwhich an electrically conductive coil extends. By means of the coil anaxial magnetic field can be created in relation to the ferrite body. Inthe presence of such a magnetic field, there occurs rotation of theplane of polarization of plane-polarized microwave energy passingthrough the body, such rotation being referred to as Faraday rotation,or being said to exhibit the Faraday effect. Variation of the strengthof the magnetic field results in variation of the degree of rotationachieved, and accordingly the rotation effected during passage of themicrowaves through the ferrite body can be controlled.

It is known to mount such a ferrite polarizer within the wave guide, forexample as described in EP-A1-0237 988. The collected microwaves are fedinto the wave guide by means of a horn and pass along the wave guide tothe polarizer before onward transmission through the wave guide to thereceiving element.

Apparatus according to the invention is characterised in that thepolarizer is positioned at the focal point to receive microwaves fromthe focusing means and to transmit the isolated microwaves into thewaveguide and so to the receiving element.

In a preferred construction, a ferrite body of the polarizer comprises areceiving end portion positioned at the focal point and a transmittingend portion positioned within the wave guide. Both the receiving andtransmitting end portions of the body may comprise convergent tips.

Preferably, at least the receiving end portion of the ferrite body isencased by a housing of a dielectric material. This can be not only forprotection of the body but may also give an improved performance. Thedielectric material may be, for example, a plastics material such aspolypropylene. Where the dielectric housing encases the receiving endportion of the body it may, like the body, be beneficial for it to beconvergent in the direction extending away from the wave guide. Whilstthe housing may encase most of the ferrite body, the body shouldpreferably project (with its transmitting end portion) beyond thehousing into the wave guide.

The dielectric housing may comprise a mounting portion forming a plugwhich is located in an end portion of the wave guide. The controllingcoil of the polarizer may be wound about the housing within the endportion of the wave guide.

There now follows a detailed description, to be read with reference tothe accompanying drawings, of signal receiving equipment whichillustrates the invention by way of example.

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a view of the equipment in perspective; and

FIG. 2 is a view in cross-section of a ferrite polarizer positionedwithin the entry to a wave guide.

Equipment for receiving microwave television signals from satellitescomprises a dish reflector 10. A signal handling unit 12 is secured bymeans of stays 14 at a distance from the reflector and comprises aferrite polarizer 16, a tubular wave guide 18, control electronics 20and a low noise block down converter 22. A coaxial cable 24 extendsbetween the signal handling unit 12 and a conventional receiver whichprocesses the signal received.

The arrangement of the polarizer 16 and wave guide 18 is shown in detailin FIG. 2. The polarizer comprises an elongate ferrite body in the formof a rod 26 of generally square cross-section. A receiving end portion28 and a transmitting end portion 30 comprise convergent tips atopposite ends of the body, each with an angle of taper of about 7°. Theferrite rod has a cross-section of approximately 15.21 sq mm and isapproximately 4 cm long. It has a coefficient of resistivity in theorder of 10¹² ohm cm and a permittivity in the range of 5 to 20. Forexample, it may be of yttrium aluminium iron garnet.

The ferrite rod 26 is mounted coaxially with the wave guide 18 by meansof a plastics bobbin 32; the bobbin forms a housing of a dielectricmaterial such as polypropylene. The bobbin comprises a portion 34forming a plug which is located in an end portion of the wave guide 18to mount the ferrite rod 26 in the wave guide. An electrical controlcoil 36 is wound around the portion 34, within the end portion of thewave guide, the windings being received in an external annular recess ofthe bobbin. Leads (not shown) from the coil extend along the wave guideto the control electronics 20.

The ferrite rod 26 is largely encased by the plastics bobbin 32 exceptthat at its transmitting end (including its transmitting end portion 30)the rod projects beyond the plug-forming portion 34 of the bobbin intothe wave guide.

At its opposite end, the ferrite rod 26 projects beyond the end of thewave guide, so that the receiving end portion 28 is positioned outsidethe wave guide. A nose portion 38 of the bobbin 32, which encases thereceiving end portion 28 of the ferrite body 26, is convergent in thedirection extending away from the wave guide 18. The housing formed bythe plastics bobbin 32 so protects the ferrite body where it projectsfrom the wave guide, but furthermore it can give an improved performancein operation of the polarizer.

The signal handling unit 12 is so secured in relation to the dishreflector 10 that the nose portion 38 of the bobbin and the receivingend portion 28 of the ferrite body 26 are together positioned at thefocal point of the dish reflector. Incident plane-polarized microwavescollected at the focal point of the dish reflector 10 so become directedalong the length of the ferrite body and into the wave guide 18. Themicrowaves pass along the wave guide to a receiving element (not shown)associated with the low noise block down converter 22.

In known manner, the polarizer can be operated to isolateplane-polarized microwaves of a selected polarization. The coil 36, whenenergised, creates an axial magnetic field in relation to the ferritebody 26, and owing to such a magnetic field there occurs a rotation ofthe plane of polarization of microwaves passing along the body; suchrotation occurs in accordance with the well known effect of Faradayrotation. The degree of rotation achieved can be controlled bycontrolling the electric current passed through the coil 36, and so thestrength of the magnetic field. The polarizer is therefore operable toeffect controlled rotation of the microwaves passing through, and somicrowaves in any particular selected plane of polarization can bebrought into suitable alignment for reception by the receiving elementof the converter 22.

I claim:
 1. A microwave signal receiving apparatus for receiving satellite television transmissions comprising a receiving element, means for focusing incident plane-polarized microwaves at a focal point, a waveguide for guiding the focused microwaves to the receiving element, a polarizer operable to effect controlled rotation of the microwaves in order to isolate those microwaves of a selected polarization that are duly rotated for onward transmission through the waveguide and reception by the receiving element, the polarizer including a ferrite body positioned to receive microwaves from the focusing means and to transmit the isolated microwaves into the waveguide and on to the receiving element, the ferrite body of the polarizer comprising a receiving end portion positioned at the focal point and encased by a housing of a dielectric material, and further comprising a transmitting end portion projecting beyond the dielectric housing into the waveguide.
 2. A device for use in microwave signal receiving apparatus having a receiving element, the device comprising a waveguide and a ferrite polarizer, and ferrite polarizer being within the waveguide and being operable to effect controlled rotations of plane-polarized microwaves for onward transmission of isolated microwaves through the waveguide to the receiving element, and said polarizer having a ferrite body projecting beyond the waveguide so that a receiving end portion of the body is positioned outside the waveguide.
 3. A device according to claim 2 in which at least the receiving end portion of the ferrite body is enclosed by a housing (32) of a dielectric material.
 4. A device according to claim 3 in which a portion of the dielectric housing which encases the receiving end portion of the ferrite body (26) is convergent in the direction extending away from the waveguide.
 5. A device according to claim 3 in which a transmitting end portion of the ferrite body projects beyond the dielectric housing into the waveguide.
 6. A device according to claim 3 in which the dielectric housing forms a plug located in an end portion of the waveguide.
 7. A device according to claim 3 in which a controlling coil of the polarizer is wound about the housing within an end portion of the waveguide for creation of an axial magnetic field in relation to the ferrite body. 